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Distributed energy management for networked microgrids in a three-phase unbalanced distribution network

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 446-446 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0851-7

摘要： Owing to increased penetration of three-phase and single-phase microgrids, distributed energy resources (DERs), and responsive loads, the maintenance of a three-phase balance by distribution networks is a significant challenge. Existing literature on distributed energy management for networked microgrids generally neglects the distribution network or employs a simplified phase balanced distribution network; thus, these evaluations are not applicable. Further, the underlying mutual coupling between the different phases of distribution feeders results in a more challenging situation. To solve this issue, this study sought to propose distributed energy management based on a three-phase unbalanced distribution network. Various three-phase or single-phase microgrids, utility-owned DERs, and responsive loads were coordinated through iteratively adjusted price signals. Based on the price signals received, the microgrid controllers (MCs) and distribution management system (DMS) updated the schedules of the DERs and responsive loads under their jurisdiction separately. The price signals were then updated according to the generation-load mismatch at each node and distributed to the corresponding MCs and DMS for the next iteration. The iteration continued until a sufficiently small generation-load mismatch was achieved at all nodes, that is, a balanced generation and load at all nodes under the agreed price signals. Considering a three-phase unbalanced distribution network, the price signals were determined per phase per node. Overall, the proposed distributed energy management coordinates microgrids, utility-owned DERs, responsive loads with guaranteed network constraints, and preserves the privacy of microgrid customers. This distributed energy management method was further demonstrated through various case studies on a three-phase networked microgrid test system.

关键词： distributed optimization energy management networked microgrids three-phase distribution network distributed energy resources

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End-to-end delay analysis for networked systems

Jie SHEN,Wen-bo HE,Xue LIU,Zhi-bo WANG,Zhi WANG,Jian-guo YAO

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第9期页码 732-743 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400414

摘要： End-to-end delay measurement has been an essential element in the deployment of real-time services in networked systems. Traditional methods of delay measurement based on time domain analysis, however, are not efficient as the network scale and the complexity increase. We propose a novel theoretical framework to analyze the end-to-end delay distributions of networked systems from the frequency domain. We use a signal flow graph to model the delay distribution of a networked system and prove that the end-to-end delay distribution is indeed the inverse Laplace transform of the transfer function of the signal flow graph. Two efficient methods, Cramer’s rule-based method and the Mason gain rule-based method, are adopted to obtain the transfer function. By analyzing the time responses of the transfer function, we obtain the end-to-end delay distribution. Based on our framework, we propose an efficient method using the dominant poles of the transfer function to work out the bottleneck links of the network. Moreover, we use the framework to study the network protocol performance. Theoretical analysis and extensive evaluations show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Networked system End-to-end Delay distribution

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互联微电网可编程自适应安全扫描 Article

姜自民, 唐泽帆, 张鹏, 秦彦源

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第8期页码 1087-1100 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.06.007

摘要：

现代微电网的重要特征是其核心的分布式能源和控制系统普遍依赖网络通信和软件系统。信息与物理系统的集成使得微电网获得了极佳的分布可控性、可扩展性和可观性；然而，恶意网络攻击者由此亦可以利用微电网信息物理系统中各种潜在的漏洞对微电网实施破坏。本文提出一种可编程自适应安全扫描（PASS）技术，用以保护电力电子化微电网系统免受各类电力机器人（power bot）的攻击。这一新技术尤其可以有效抵御三种危害性较大的攻击，即控制器操纵攻击、重放攻击和注入攻击。可编程自适应扫描融合软件定义网络与新的协同检测方法；这一新的安全措施可以使得微电网的互联具有超高的弹性和安全性、低成本与高度自动化等优点。协同检测结合了主动同步扫描和混沌检测两类新技术，可以有效识别电力机器人攻击的类型并对各类攻击快速定位，且不会中断或影响互联微电网的正常运行。可编程自适应安全扫描技术的有效性和实用性在大量实验中得到了确证。

关键词：互联微电网可编程自适应安全扫描协同检测软件定义网络

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智能制造推动我国制造业全面创新升级

钟志华,臧冀原,延建林,苗仲桢,杨晓迎,古依莎娜

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第6期页码 136-142 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.06.018

摘要：

我国抓牢新一轮科技革命和产业变革的历史机遇，加快发展智能制造并取得了积极成效。也要注意到，我国智能制造整体发展仍处于初级阶段，不平衡不充分的矛盾较为突出，持续深入推进智能制造面临挑战。近年来，我国启动了从制造大国迈向制造强国的发展进程，加快制造业由大变强、全面创新升级的发展步伐，但升级的技术路线仍需更加明确。研究认为，新时期新阶段我国制造业要实现全面创新升级，应坚持智能制造发展的主攻方向，优化调整总体技术路线，即数字化制造、数字化网络化制造、数字化网络化智能化制造“并行推进、融合发展”；企业实施智能制造战略，应深度融合数字化网络化智能化赋能技术、先进制造技术，注重产品创新、生产创新、模式创新、制造系统集成创新，力争实现整体性突破。

关键词：中国制造智能制造数字化制造数字化网络化制造数字化网络化智能化制造

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Application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing: Theoretical basis, realistic plights, and development suggestions

Qiang ZHANG, Baoyu LIAO, Shanlin YANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 578-591 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0137-x

摘要： Blockchain technology is considered one of the promising technologies of the information technology era. The core features of blockchain, such as decentralization, transparency, high security, and tamper-proof nature, bring great convenience for large-scale social cooperation and data sharing. Blockchain has a broad application prospect in the field of intelligent manufacturing. The key issues of this field, such as distributed collaborative production, industrial big data sharing and security, transparent logistics, and supply chain, are naturally consistent with the core characteristics of the blockchain technology. This study aims to analyze the application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing. First, we introduce the basic connotation and applications of blockchain. Then, we propose the theoretical basis for the application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing. Finally, we point out the realistic plights and provide some suggestions to promote the application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing.

关键词： blockchain technology intelligent manufacturing networked collaborative manufacturing full life-cycle management manufacturing model innovation

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一种基于模糊逻辑的带宽管理方法

李祖欣,王万良,雷必成,陈惠英

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第7期页码 104-111

摘要：

在网络带宽受限的网络控制系统中，设计了一个基于一维输入输出映射关系的模糊逻辑调节器，对控制系统的带宽进行动态管理。通过调整该模糊逻辑调节器中的非线性偏移因子可以进一步改善系统的控制性能和带宽需求。同时利用线性矩阵不等式及资源受限条件来确定带宽动态分配的上下界来保证系的稳定性。另外，定义了多回路归一化控制质量和归一化带宽需求度性能衡量指标来评价网络控制系统的全局性能。在此评价方法下，提出的模糊带宽管理方法和采用固定带宽分配方法进行仿真比较。结果表明模糊带宽管理方法相对于固定带宽分配方法而言在提高系统控制性能的同时也节省了网络带宽。

关键词：模糊带宽管理网络控制系统控制质量带宽需求

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带误差补偿的GPC对网络控制系统时延的解决

王冬青

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第8期页码 60-65

摘要：

针对网络控制系统(NCS)具有不确定时延的特性，提出了将广义预测控制(GPC)应用于网络控制系统的思想。为了克服模型失配和系统不确定性的影响，基于BP神经网络建立一个误差的预测模型，用误差预测值对输出预测值进行补偿，构成新型的广义预测控制算法，并采用了平滑滤波的加权输入控制律。在网络控制系统中，测试了网络数据传输的随机延迟时间特性，比较了GPC和具有BP网络预测误差补偿的GPC两种控制方法，验证了具有BP网络预测误差补偿的GPC在模型失配时的更好的控制性能。

关键词：网络控制系统 (NCS) 不确定时延广义预测控制 (GPC) 神经网络

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使用成对机器人分散化搜索多个未知瞬时射电源 Article

Chang-Young Kim, 宋德臻, Jingang Yi, 吴新宇

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第1期页码 58-65 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015010

摘要：

我们开发了一种分散化算法，来协调一组移动机器人搜索未知瞬时射电源。除了移动能力和通信及传感范围有限，机器人团队还必须应对信号源匿名性、短暂的传输时间和可变的发射功率带来的挑战。我们提出了一种两步式方法：首先，基于检查站的同步功能，对机器人用于追踪信号源位置的可信度函数进行了分散化；其次，提出了一种用于协调机器人的分散化规划策略，以确保存在检查站。我们分析了该算法的内存使用情况、通信数据量和搜索时间。实现了该算法，并将其与其他两种探索式算法进行了比较。实验结果显示，在三种算法中，分散化算法用最少的内存换来了最快的搜索时间。

关键词：无线定位联网机器人瞬时目标

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带有网络智能体的去中心化多智能体强化学习进展 Review Article

张凯清1,杨卓然2,Tamer BAŞAR1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第22卷第6期页码 802-814 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900661

摘要：多智能体强化学习长期以来一直是机器学习和控制领域的重要研究课题。最近在（单智能体）深度强化学习领域的进展重新唤醒了对多智能体强化学习的研究兴趣，尤其在理论分析方面。本文回顾这个大课题中的一个子领域：带有网络智能体的去中心化多智能体强化学习。在这一场景中，多个智能体在一个共同的环境中进行序贯决策，无需中心控制器的协调，且智能体被允许和它们在通信网络上的邻居交换信息。这样的一个模型在很多方向都有相关应用，包括机器人控制、无人车控制、移动传感器网络控制、智能电网，等等。本综述旨在覆盖和整理我们和其他科研人员在这一方向的相关工作。我们希望该综述能够激发更多研究热情，投入到这个激动人心却又充满挑战的领域。

关键词：强化学习；多智能体系统；网络系统；一致性优化；分布式优化；博弈论

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System reliability and system resilience

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 615-619 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0176-y

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工程工程系统工程系统论与工程科学体系

王连成

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第6期页码 15-18

摘要：

从分析工程的基本内容、性质和特征人手，引出了工程系统的概念，接着应用一般系统论思想讨论了工程系统论的研究对象和研究方法，并论述了它在整个工程科学体系中的元学科地位。

关键词：工程系统系统论学科

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Cyber–Physical Power System (CPPS): A review on measures and optimization methods of system resilience

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 503-518 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0163-3

摘要： The Cyber–Physical Power System (CPPS) is one of the most critical infrastructure systems in a country because a stable and secure power supply is a key foundation for national and social development. In recent years, resilience has become a major topic in preventing and mitigating the risks caused by large-scale blackouts of CPPSs. Accordingly, the concept and significance of CPPS resilience are at first explained from the engineering perspective in this study. Then, a review of representative quantitative assessment measures of CPPS resilience applied in the existing literature is provided. On the basis of these assessment measures, the optimization methods of CPPS resilience are reviewed from three perspectives, which are mainly focused on the current research, namely, optimizing the recovery sequence of components, identifying and protecting critical nodes, and enhancing the coupling patterns between physical and cyber networks. The recent advances in modeling methods for cascading failures within the CPPS, which is the theoretical foundation for the resilience assessment and optimization research of CPPSs, are also presented. Lastly, the challenges and future research directions for resilience optimizing of CPPSs are discussed.

关键词： Cyber–Physical Power System resilience assessment resilience optimization cascading failure modeling

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Discussion on the System Optimization of the Energy Development Strategy and Plan

Da-di Zhou

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第2期页码 147-152 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014022

摘要： Energy is an important basis for economic and social development, and is a critical economic sector. Due to the complexity of the energy system, the interactive relationship with economic and social development, and the enormous investment involved, the optimization of the energy system is of great significance. We should make efforts to develop targets and specific approaches for the rational and optimal development of an energy system in order to avoid big losses due to systematic mistakes.

关键词： energy development strategy planning system system optimization

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Distributed monitoring and diagnosis system for hydraulic system of construction machinery

Xiaohu CHEN, Wenfeng WU, Hangong WANG, Yongtao ZHOU,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第1期页码 106-110 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0089-7

摘要： This paper mainly presents a distributed monitoring and diagnosis system for the hydraulic system of construction machinery based on the controller area net (CAN) field bus. The hardware of the distributed condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system is designed. Its structure including the sensors, distributed data acquisition units, central signal processing unit, and CAN field bus is introduced. The software is also programmed. The general software design and its realization are studied in detail. The experiments and applications indicate that the distributed condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system can effectively realize its function of real-time online condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for the hydraulic system of construction machinery.

关键词： construction machinery hydraulic system distributed condition monitoring controller area net (CAN) field bus fault diagnosis

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Theory and method of mechanism system design

Huijun ZOU, Qinghua LIANG, Qing ZHANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第4期页码 399-411 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0116-8

摘要： Conceptual design is the most critical and creative phase of design. Recently, increasing attention has been directed to supporting conceptual-level computer aided creative design and its theories and methodologies. Specifically, for conceptual design of mechanical products, this paper presents a novel function solving model for mechanical product design and highlights the importance of systematic synthesis to achieve creative design. Then it builds a framework as a function-effect-process-action- mechanisms (FEPAM) mapping process, which enables creative design on the basis of conceiving different action schemes. After that, several key points are elaborated including 1) representing and decomposition methods of functions and motion behaviors; 2) action scheme representing method based on network plan techniques; and 3) variation and creation methods based on action scheme transformations.

关键词： mechanism system creative design process model function solving model process action procedure mechanisms knowledge base principle of mechanism system composition